特朗普宣布美國未來60天暫停接收移民 Immigration to US to be suspended amid pandemic, Trump says

當地時間4月21日，白宮舉行新冠肺炎疫情新聞發布會。美國總統特朗普在會上宣布，美國將在未來60天內暫停接收移民。此舉在美國現代史上沒有過先例。

President Trump said Tuesday he will halt immigration to the United States for 60 days, a freeze that will block green card recipients from moving to the country but will continue to allow temporary workers on nonimmigrant visas to enter.

美國總統特朗普于周二（4月21日）表示，將在未來60天內暫停接收移民。這一行政令適用于綠卡申請者，但不影響持非移民簽證的臨時勞工入境美國。

Trump portrayed the action, which he first previewed in a tweet late Monday night, as an effort to protect American workers from competition overseas. He indicated during a White House briefing that there would be certain exemptions but did not elaborate.

特朗普將之描述為保護美國工人不受海外競爭的舉措。他在白宮新聞發布會上表示，將會有一些豁免，但沒有詳細說明。周一（4月20日）晚，特朗普首先在推特上發文預告將簽署該行政令。

exemption[?ɡ?zemp?n]：n.免除，豁免

The president provided a rationale for the unprecedented decision that was primarily economic, arguing that he wants Americans to have access to work as millions of people have lost their jobs amid the coronavirus crisis.

這是一項史無前例的決定，而特朗普稱這主要是基于經濟原因。他表示，數百萬人在新冠疫情危機期間失去工作，他希望美國人能獲得工作機會。

The text of the order was still being written, Trump said Tuesday night, but he expected to sign it on Wednesday.

特朗普在周二（4月21日）晚上說，這項行政令的文本還在撰寫當中，但他預計會在周三簽署。

“It would be wrong and unjust for Americans laid off by the virus to be replaced with new immigrant labor flown in from abroad,” Trump said at the briefing. “We must first take care of the American worker.”

特朗普在發布會上說：“讓從國外來的新移民勞工取代因病毒而失業的美國人，是錯誤和不公平的，我們必須首先照顧美國工人”。

The measure will include exemptions for certain groups, though it’s unclear how extensive they will be. Trump said farmers will not be affected by the order, appearing to confirm that visas for agricultural workers would fall outside the scope of the measure.

相關措施將包括對某些群體的豁免，不過目前還不清楚豁免范圍會有多大。特朗普還表示，農民不會因此受影響，這似乎證實，農業工人的簽證將不在該措施的范圍之內。

On Twitter, he cited "the attack from the invisible enemy", as he calls the virus, and the need to protect the jobs of Americans, but did not give details.

他在推特上提到了“來自隱形敵人的攻擊”（這是他對病毒的稱呼），以及保護美國人就業的需要，但沒有給出細節。

Immigrant visas are issued for those who have been approved to move permanently to the United States. The majority are family members of US citizens or permanent residents.

移民簽證是為那些被批準永久移居美國的人簽發的。大多數獲得者是美國公民或永久居民的家庭成員。

The United States already has suspended routine visa services overseas, so that very few would-be immigrants are likely to be stopped just before they board planes.

美國已經暫停了境外常規簽證服務，因此幾乎沒有潛在移民會直接受此影響。

Harvard Business School professor William Kerr, whose research focuses on how high-skilled immigrant labor has reshaped the US economy, said closing off the pipeline for foreign talent could create barriers to economic success.

哈佛商學院教授威廉?科爾表示，切斷海外人才輸送渠道可能會影響經濟的成功。他主要研究高技能移民勞動力如何重塑了美國經濟。

Immigrants represent more than a quarter of US entrepreneurs and a quarter of inventors, Kerr said. “These are contributions that are very valuable to economic growth,” he said. “We are going to need to restore large parts of our economy, and immigrants could be very helpful in that role.”

科爾說：“移民占美國企業家的四分之一以上，占發明家的四分之一。這些貢獻對經濟增長非常有價值。我們需要恢復大部分經濟活動，移民在這方面幫助很大?！?/p>

Critics say the government is using the pandemic to crack down on immigration.

批評人士說，政府正在利用新冠疫情打擊移民。

Immigration has traditionally been a strong campaigning theme for Mr Trump, but has taken a back seat during the pandemic and in the lead-up to the November election.

對特朗普來說， 移民歷來是強有力的競選主題，但在新冠疫情和11月總統大選之前，移民問題已退居次要地位。

Over the past four weeks, more than 20 million Americans have registered for unemployment benefits. That amounts to roughly as many jobs as employers had added over the previous decade.

在過去四周，有2千多萬美國人登記領取失業救濟金。這大約相當于過去10年的新增就業崗位。

The US has more than 787,000 confirmed cases of Covid-19 and more than 42,000 deaths, according to a tally by Johns Hopkins University.

根據約翰斯·霍普金斯大學的統計，美國新冠肺炎確診病例超過78.7萬例，死亡病例超過4.2萬例。

Last year, just over one million people were granted lawful permanent resident status in the US, according to the Department of Homeland Security. The top countries of origin were Mexico, China, India, the Dominican Republic, the Philippines and Cuba.

美國國土安全部稱，去年僅100多萬人獲得了美國合法永久居民身份。排在前幾位的移民來源國是墨西哥、中國、印度、多米尼加共和國、菲律賓和古巴。

More than half of those, though, were cases of "adjusted status from within the US" - meaning they were already there - and only 459,000 arrived from abroad. The latter group would be the ones presumably affected by an immigration ban.

不過，其中一半以上是“來自美國國內的身份調整”（即申請者在美國境內），只有45.9萬人來自海外。后者可能是受到移民禁令影響的群體。

When it comes to refugees, there were 30,000 people admitted into the US in 2019, most of them from Congo, Myanmar, Ukraine, Eritrea, Afghanistan and Syria.

2019年，美國接收了3萬名難民，其中大部分來自剛果、緬甸、烏克蘭、厄立特里亞、阿富汗和敘利亞。

英文來源：BBC、華盛頓郵報、國會山報

翻譯&編輯：yaning