導讀 ：《中國日報》推出“中國式現代化的地方實踐” （National Vision, Local Action）高端訪談欄目，講述中國式現代化建設道路上的地方特色實踐。近日，記者專訪了湖南省委書記沈曉明，詳細解讀湖南打造內陸地區改革開放高地、深化對非交流合作的地方實踐。6月12日，頭版刊發專訪文章，在海內外引起廣泛關注。
湖南：打造內陸地區改革開放高地
——中國日報專訪湖南省委書記沈曉明
沈曉明（湖南省委書記、省人大常委會主任）
記者：習近平總書記2020年9月在湖南考察時要求湖南打造內陸地區改革開放高地，去年3月再次考察湖南時叮囑湖南在打造內陸地區改革開放高地上持續用力。請問，湖南如何貫徹落實習近平總書記重要指示精神？取得了哪些進展和成效？
沈曉明：習近平總書記把“打造內陸地區改革開放高地”的重任交給湖南，充分體現了對湖南的高度信任和殷切期望。湖南牢記習近平總書記殷殷囑托，以實施長株潭要素市場化配置綜合改革、推動中非經貿博覽會創新發展、對接融入國家重大戰略等標志性工程為抓手，大力推進內陸地區改革開放高地建設。
一方面，在推進深層次改革上下功夫。深入貫徹黨的二十屆三中全會精神，謀劃推出進一步全面深化改革“369+12+14+N”的總體框架，首批12項、第二批14項重點改革全面鋪開，零基預算、高等院校布局優化和學科專業優化、機器管招投標等改革扎實推進，不斷激發高質量發展的動力活力。
另一方面，在擴大高水平開放上下功夫。積極發揮作為東部沿海地區和中西部地區過渡帶、長江開放經濟帶和沿海開放經濟帶結合部的區位優勢，主動融入中部地區崛起、長江經濟帶、粵港澳大灣區、長三角一體化等國家重大戰略，穩步擴大制度型開放，堅持以降低企業綜合運營成本為核心優化營商環境。去年全省社會物流成本、工商業電價分別降低0.2、6個百分點，吸引來自京津冀、長三角和粵港澳大灣區的企業家在湖南投資設立企業3739家、實際到位資金6489億元；目前在湘投資的世界500強企業達212家，湖南的經貿“朋友圈”遍布全球235個國家和地區。
記者：今年是中國（湖南）自由貿易試驗區建設五周年，請介紹一下中國（湖南）自由貿易試驗區的建設情況。
沈曉明：中國（湖南）自由貿易試驗區在習近平總書記親自關心下于2020年獲批，自設立以來積極用好改革開放這個“關鍵一招”，在制度創新上大膽試、大膽闖、自主改，五年來共形成制度創新成果109項，新設企業超4.8萬家，新引進重大項目542個、投資額近7400億元，進出口總額8000多億元、占全省的近1/3。
主要是做好“三篇文章”：
一是做好學習借鑒的文章。主動向國內外先進地區學習，在借鑒外地經驗做法的基礎上消化、吸收、再創新，共落地運用各地創新舉措349項。
二是做好產業、科技、制度等集成創新的文章。比如，工程機械是湖南的支柱產業，近年來受行業周期性調整等因素影響，面臨較大下行壓力。我們一方面鼓勵企業向新能源、無人駕駛、農機、應急裝備等領域轉型發展，另一方面加強再制造全產業鏈集成創新，系統解決標準缺乏、反向開票難等問題，積極開辟再制造這片“新藍海”。
三是做好與兄弟省份共贏發展的文章。比如，深化與海南自由貿易港的對接合作，推動建設湘瓊先進制造業共建產業園，使之成為湖南工程機械等制造業產品出口、維保的重要基地，既增強了湖南制造業企業的國際競爭力，也優化了海南自由貿易港的產業結構。目前湘瓊先進制造業共建產業園已入園項目29個、總投資130.2億元。
記者：近年來，中非經貿博覽會、中非經貿深度合作先行區兩大國家級平臺先后落戶湖南，標志著湖南已經成為中國對非經貿交流合作的重要橋頭堡。請問，湖南是如何用好這兩大國家級平臺深化對非交流合作的？
沈曉明：辦好中非經貿博覽會、建好中非經貿深度合作先行區是黨中央和習近平總書記交給湖南的重大任務，我們深感使命光榮、責任重大。湖南對非交流合作歷史久遠、基礎厚實、前景廣闊。從交流交往看，“毛主席家鄉”“雜交水稻”“芒果TV”等湖南元素享譽非洲。從產業對接看，湖南在裝備制造、能源電力、礦業采選、農業綜合開發等方面的產業優勢，與非洲國家推進工業化和農業現代化的需求高度契合。從經貿合作看，湖南對非進出口貿易規模連續5年穩居我國中西部省份第一。
同時，針對湖南對非經貿合作在外匯結算回款、技術標準等方面面臨的困難和問題，我們加強與商務部等國家部委和中央企事業單位的會商合作，積極探索開展對非新型易貨貿易改革試點，推出入境檢驗檢測機構前移、技術標準共建等政策舉措，推動國內從事對非貿易和非洲從事對華貿易的經營主體在湖南集聚。目前，已完成新型易貨貿易103單，對非易貨貿易總量居全國第一。下一步，我們將加強制度創新和政策集成，積極探索對非經貿合作新業態新模式新機制，在做大做優對非新型易貨貿易、推進產工貿一體化等方面持續發力，不斷提高湖南對非貿易能級，為構建新時代全天候中非命運共同體作出更多湖南貢獻。
Hunan eyes progress in partnerships with Africa
Central China's Hunan province aims to boost economic and trade cooperation with Africa by exploring new business models and strengthening institutional innovation and policy coordination, said Shen Xiaoming, Party secretary of Hunan.
He made the remarks in an exclusive interview with China Daily ahead of the fourth China-Africa Economic and Trade Expo, which will open in Changsha, the provincial capital, on Thursday and run through Sunday.
"We will continue to focus on expanding and upgrading new barter trade with Africa, while promoting the integrated development of production, industry and trade," he said, adding that these measures will further elevate Hunan's trade capacity with Africa and contribute more to the building of an all-weather China-Africa community with a shared future for the new era.
Shen noted the province's long history, solid foundation and broad prospects in promoting exchanges and cooperation with the African continent. Hunan's foreign trade volume with Africa has ranked first among provinces in central and western China for five consecutive years.
Hunan is well-positioned in equipment manufacturing, energy and power, mining and mineral processing, and comprehensive agricultural development, he said, adding that these advantages align closely with African countries' needs for industrialization and agricultural modernization.
The province is actively exploring the implementation of pilot reforms in new types of barter trade with African countries, introducing policies and measures such as moving inspection and testing institutions closer to the entry point. These efforts aim to attract more African and Chinese enterprises engaging in bilateral trade to Hunan.
To date, 103 new barter trade transactions have been completed, placing Hunan on top in China in terms of Africa-oriented barter trade volume.
According to Shen, Hunan is making vigorous efforts for the construction of "a highland for reform and opening-up in inland China".
The focus points include implementing a comprehensive reform for the market-based allocation of production factors in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan metropolitan area, promoting the China-Africa Economic and Trade Expo, and boosting alignment with and integration into major national initiatives.
The initiatives include the rise of Central China strategy, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and Yangtze River Delta integration.
"We're steadily advancing institutional opening-up and optimizing the business environment with a focus on reducing the comprehensive operational costs for enterprises," Shen said.
Last year, Hunan saw the overall logistics cost decrease by 0.2 percentage point and industrial and commercial electricity prices drop by 6 percentage points. Currently, 212 Fortune Global 500 companies have invested in Hunan, and the province has established economic and trade partnerships with 235 countries and regions.
This year marks the fifth anniversary of the establishment of the China (Hunan) Pilot Free Trade Zone. Shen said that since the zone was established, it has made vigorous efforts to advance reform and opening-up through exploration and innovation in institutional reforms.
Over the past five years, the free trade zone has achieved 109 institutional innovations, welcomed more than 48,000 enterprises, introduced 542 major projects and attracted investment totaling nearly 740 billion yuan ($103 billion).
The zone also recorded an import-export volume exceeding 800 billion yuan, accounting for approximately one-third of the province's total, data from local authorities show.
Shen elaborated on the measures taken by Hunan to advance the development of the free trade zone, highlighting several key initiatives.
First, Hunan has effectively utilized the experiences gained from other regions and innovated based on their practices. As a result, 349 innovative measures have been implemented.
Second, the province has fostered integrated innovation across industries, technologies and systems.
Taking construction machinery, Hunan's pillar industry, as an example, Shen said the province has proactively addressed the downward pressure the sector has faced in recent years.
On the one hand, relevant companies have been encouraged to transform and expand into emerging fields such as new energy, autonomous driving, agricultural machinery and emergency equipment. On the other hand, the province has been strengthening whole-chain innovation in remanufacturing to address existing challenges.
Third, Hunan has deepened cooperation with the Hainan Free Trade Port to develop the Hunan-Hainan Advanced Manufacturing Industrial Park, which has become a key hub for the export and maintenance of manufacturing products such as Hunan's construction machinery.
This initiative has not only enhanced the international competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises in Hunan but has also optimized the industrial structure of the Hainan FTP, Shen said.
To date, the park has attracted 29 projects with a total investment of 13.02 billion yuan.
Reporter: He Chun, Chen Meiling
（中國日報 何純 陳美玲）
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