近日，美國貿易代表辦公室發布聲明，宣布將恢復352項自中國進口商品的加征關稅豁免。美國此次對中國進口商品的關稅豁免，說明了哪些問題？在此時推出豁免政策出于什么考慮？
The US decision to reinstate certain "Section 301" tariff exclusions for Chinese product categories sends a positive signal for benign interactions in bilateral economic and trade relations, which will help stabilize expectations for global supply and industrial chains, experts said on Monday.
專家3月28日表示，美國決定恢復對“301條款”中涉及的部分中國進口商品的關稅豁免，這為中美雙邊經貿關系的良性互動釋放了積極信號，將有助于穩定對全球供應鏈和產業鏈的預期。
They said reinstating tariff exclusions on Chinese goods will help the US deal with rising inflationary pressure, reduce costs within global supply chains and benefit enterprises and consumers from both sides.
專家稱，恢復對中國進口商品的關稅豁免將有助于美國應對不斷上漲的通脹壓力，降低其在全球供應鏈上的成本，并使雙方的企業和消費者受益。
Wang Peng, a researcher at Huazhong University of Science and Technology's Institute for State Governance, said the US administration's attempts to decouple the two economies harm US consumers and enterprises, and US importers and consumers have absorbed most of the additional costs resulting from the additional tariffs on Chinese products.
華中科技大學國家治理研究所研究員王鵬認為，美國政府試圖將中美兩個經濟體脫鉤的做法損害了美國消費者和企業的利益，而美國進口企業和消費者已經承擔了美國對中國商品加征關稅而造成的大部分額外成本負擔。
Wang said the exemptions suggest that the US recognizes that the two nations have strong economic complementarity, and the decision will help create favorable conditions to expand bilateral trade and economic cooperation. "It will be good for the global economy."
王鵬稱，這次恢復部分中國商品關稅豁免表明，美國認識到兩國具有很強的經濟互補性，這一決定將為擴大雙邊經貿合作創造有利條件，有利于全球經濟發展。
Noting that the list includes consumer goods and industrial products, Xu Hongcai, deputy director of the China Association of Policy Science's economic policy committee, said the move will help the US alleviate high inflationary pressure.
中國政策科學研究會經濟政策委員會副主任徐洪才指出，此次豁免名單包括消費品和工業品，此舉將有助于美國緩解高通脹壓力。
Although the 352 newly announced categories only account for around one-seventh of the over 2,200 exclusions previously granted by the Trump administration, the reinstated exemptions are great news for Chinese industries, Xu said.
徐洪才表示，盡管與特朗普時期2200多種中國商品獲得了關稅豁免資格相比，此次拜登政府批準的352種商品不過是其七分之一。但美國此舉仍會給中國相關產業帶來一定的利好預期。
Citing the USTR statement, Luo Zhiheng, chief economist at Yuekai Securities, said the US move aims to meet its domestic production and consumption needs as well as cushion the economy.
粵開證券首席經濟學家羅志恒引用美國貿易代表辦公室的聲明稱，這份關稅豁免清單旨在滿足其美國國內生產和消費需求，同時緩沖經濟。
Luo said US trade frictions with China not only harm the interests of US companies and consumers but also disrupt industrial and supply chains worldwide.
羅志恒認為，中美貿易摩擦不僅損害了美國公司和消費者的利益，而且擾亂了全球產業鏈和供應鏈。
"The global economy is facing multiple pressures from COVID-19, high inflationary pressures and geopolitical tensions," Luo said. "The exemptions will help ease the risk of escalation of trade frictions and stabilize global industrial chains."
“新冠疫情、全球通脹壓力和地緣政治緊張局勢，使全球經濟面臨多重壓力，恢復對中國商品的關稅豁免將有助于緩解貿易摩擦升級的風險，穩定全球產業鏈。”
He said the list covers over $60 billion worth of Chinese products, which accounted for about 12 percent of China's total exports to the US in 2021. "It will support China's exports in 2022, and it will also benefit Chinese manufacturing sectors in fields including mechanical equipment, home appliances and furniture.
羅志恒說，這份清單涵蓋了價值超過600億美元的中國商品，占2021年中國對美出口總額的約12%。此舉將有利于在今年提振中國出口，機械設備、家用電器和家具等領域的中國制造業也將因此受益。”
"For the US side, the exemptions will help lower prices of imported goods and thus ease inflationary pressure. As the list includes urgently needed parts and anti-pandemic materials, that will also help ensure the security of US supply chains," Luo said.
羅志恒稱：“對美方來說，這份豁免清單將有助于降低進口商品的價格，從而緩解通脹壓力。由于清單中包括急需的零部件和防疫用品，這也將有助于確保美國供應鏈的安全。”
Wang Meiting, a researcher with the Bank of China Research Institute, said it is not easy for the US to find substitutes in a short time and thus the possibility of a further increase in tariff exclusions on Chinese goods cannot be ruled out.
中國銀行研究院研究員王梅婷表示，美國想在短時間內找到替代品并不容易，因此不能排除進一步擴大對中國進口商品的關稅豁免的可能性。
Wang said the exemptions demonstrate China's key role in stabilizing global supply and industrial chains. "The reinstated exemptions are sending a positive signal to bilateral trade and even global trade. It showcases that the US prioritizes stabilizing the economy instead of containing China's development."
王梅婷稱，美國此舉證明中國在穩定全球供應鏈和產業鏈方面的關鍵作用。“美國恢復對這些中國進口商品的關稅豁免，向中美雙邊貿易乃至全球貿易發出了積極信號。表明美國優先考慮穩定經濟，而不是遏制中國發展。”
Considering that the exemptions are part of a larger US drive to dampen inflationary pressure, Wang expects to see more steps to bring bilateral economic trade ties back to normal.
考慮到美國此舉是其為緩解通脹壓力而采取的措施之一，王梅婷預計，美國將采取更多措施，可促使中美雙邊經貿關系恢復正常。
來源：中國日報
編輯：董靜
（Ouyang Shijia）
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